Demography Of Bihar Has Its Say On Development
Post on 15,May 2013   6:53 AM
By - Mr. S.N Singh
views 2644

Bihar has a total area of 94,163 sq.kms, with a population of 103.8 million and a decadal growth of 25.1 percent as per 2011 census. Bihar contributes 8.58 percent of total Indian population, while having 3.70 percent of the India’s land.

Three demographic features with respect to which Bihar is substantially different from India are decadal growth rate of population, density of population and rate of urbanization.

The decadal growth rate of population for Bihar (25.1 percent) is much higher than for India (17.6 percent) indicating the absence of demographic transition, that many parts of India have already experienced.

By virtue of being a part of fertile gangetic plain, the number of persons living per sq.km. in Bihar (1102) is nearly three times the all-India average (382). This population pressure is a major challenge in Bihar.

This high degree of population pressure demands higher resources for the state’s development. Bihar is a highly ruralised state, with only 11.3 percent of its population living in its urban areas, compared to of 31.2 percent for the entire country.

The demographic characteristics of Bihar are, however, not uniform throughout the state as it reflects considerable variation across the districts.

For all the districts in Bihar, the decadal growth rate of population was higher than the all-India growth rate at 17.6 percent. There are only four districts recording a growth rate of less than 20 percent — Gopalganj (18.8 percent),Darbhanga (19.0 percent), Munger (19.5 percent) and Arwal (19.0 percent).

On the other hand, there were three districts recording a decadal growth rate of population at 30 percent or above Araria (30.0 percent), Kishanganj (30.4 percent) and Madhepura (30.7 percent).

The rate of urbanisation of Bihar was 11.3 percent in 2011 and 10.5 percent in 2001, implying an increase of barely 0.8 percentage points over the decade. For India as a whole, this difference was 3.4 percentage points, indicating a much faster growth of urbanisation in the country.

Between 2001 and 2011, the number of statutory towns of Bihar increased from 125 to 139, but the increase in the rate of urbanisation in Bihar is still very low. Among the districts, the rate of urbanisatioin in 2011 varies from 3.2 percent in Samastipur to 43.5 percent

in Patna.

The distribution of 38 districts by their rates of urbanisation, in both 2001 and 2011. In 2011, the three least urbanised districts are Samastipur (3.5 percent), Banka (3.5 percent) and Madhubani (3.7 percent). On the other hand, three most urbanised districts in Bihar are Patna (43.5 percent), Munger (28.3 percent) and Bhagalpur (19.8 percent).


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