India No First Use Policy For Nuclear Weapons
Post on 21,August 2019   6:00 PM
By - Miss. Vibha Yadav
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India’s ‘No First Use’ doctrine (NFU) on the use of nuclear weapons is open for change in the future, defence minister Rajnath Singh has indicated, reflecting thinking within the establishment that no policy is writ in stone and could be modified to deal with current realities.

About Doctrine : A commitment to not be the first to use a nuclear weapon in a conflict.  After the 1998 nuclear test when India declared itself a nuclear weapon state and adopted the no first use doctrine.
On January 4, 2003, the Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) met to review the progress in operationalizing the country’s nuclear doctrine. It's decision put in public domain as :

The doctrine was “a posture of No First Use”, which was described as follows: “Nuclear weapons will only be used in retaliation against a nuclear attack on Indian territory or on Indian forces anywhere”.However, the doctrine made it clear that India’s “nuclear retaliation to a nuclear attack strike will be massive and designed to inflict unacceptable damage”.

Power of Deterrence should not be misplaced:India's nuclear strategic communications plan should be aimed at downplaying the nuclear factor in the political and strategic equation with China and Pakistan.China too has an NFU policy and Sino-China nuclear relations is not cause of concern right now but Pakistan has openly threatened India with the use of nuclear weapons on multiple occasions.

At first use approach against Pakistan or even China lacks credibility. Even if we succeed, the after effects of nuclear fallout and climate change could pose threats not only to India and it's neighbours but it could result in an existential threat to humanity itself.

The notion that first use strenthens the power of deterrence is misplaced; it amounts to suicide for the fear of death.

Problems associated with move
  • Need a massive increase in India's missile production.
  • Induction of  multiple Re-entry Vehicle (MRV) technology in its missiles.
  • Improved intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance(ISR) infrastructure required.
  • Need to change nuclear altering routine as of now it include 4 stages
    1. Assembly of nuclear warheads and trigger mechanisms into nuclear weapons.
    2. Disperse weapons to pre-determined launch positions
    3. Mating of weapons with delivery platforms.
    4. Tranfer the control of nuclear weapons from scientific enclave to the military for the use.
One possible solution can be Canisterization of missiles which has combined the dispersal and mating of weapons in single stage.

Final Remark: All doctrines need periodic reviews and India’s case is no exception. A sound policy debate can only ensue if the costs and benefits of a purported policy shift are discussed and debated widely.

At the same time India should take the lead on seeking a Global NFU policy instead of creating doubts about its own adherence to it. This kind of vocal moves will deteriorate India's image as responsible nuclear power which is not good.

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