Selected Health Indicators Of Bihar
Post on 15,May 2013   5:50 AM
By - Miss. Ankita Jaiswal
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One of the sensitive indicators of the health status of population is Life Expectancy at Birth(LEB).

The LEB in Bihar was much less than that of India during 2001-05; during 2006-2010, though LEB in Bihar is still less than that in India, the gap has been considerably reduced. During 2001-05, the LEB in Bihar was 61.0 years, compared to 63.1 years in India, implying a gap of 2.1 years.

This difference was narrowed to only 0.3 year in 2006-10 - 65.8 years for Bihar and 66.1 years for India. When one compares the LEB for male and female, it is usually found to be higher for females, because of biological reasons. In case of India, this general pattern was observed, in both 2001-05 and 2006-10. In case of Bihar,the LEB for female was lower for than that of male in 2001-05, indicating severe levels of gender disparity; however, in 2006-10, this disparity has disappeared and now LEB for females for Bihar is a little higher than that of males.

Apart from the LEB, four other indicators of health for which there exists comparable data are Crude Birth Rate (CBR), Crude Death Rate (CDR), Total Fertility Rate (TFR) and Infant

Mortality Rate (IMR).

For Crude Birth Rate (CBR), the figures are consistently higher for Bihar; in 2010, it was 28.1 for Bihar compared to 22.2 for India. As mentioned before, this indicates the absence of demographic transition of Bihar.Between 2006 and 2010, however, the difference between CBR of Bihar and India has been slightly reduced.

The Crude Death Rate (CDR), quite interestingly, it emerges that, in 2010, it was lower in Bihar (6.8) than in India (7.2). Earlier, in 2006, the CDR in Bihar (7.7) was marginally higher than that for India (7.5). A low CDR obviously implies a better health status. But unfortunately, the combined effect of higher birth rate and lower death rate is higher growth rate of population which is undesirable.

The Total Fertility Rate (TFR) in Bihar and India, it is again noticed that it has been consistently higher in Bihar. But fortunately, some early indicators of demographic transitioin is noticed here. The TFR in Bihar has decreased from 4.2 children in 2006 to 3.7 children in 2010, a drop of 0.5 children. The drop in the all-India rate is smaller.

The fourth indicator of health, included in Table 5.6 is Infant Mortality Rate (IMR). It is interesting to note that, in spite of being an economically and socially disadvantaged state, the IMR in Bihar is very close to the all-India average. Further, the improvement in the IMR during the recent years has been as fast in Bihar as in India as a whole. In 2010, the IMR in Bihar were male (46), female (50) and overall (48). The corresponding figures for India were male (46),

female (49) and overall (47).

As expected, all the four indicators of health in different districts of Bihar Crude Birth Rate (CBR), Crude Death Rate (CDR), Natural Growth Rate, Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) and Under-5 Mortality Rate is not uniform in the state.

Taking Crude Birth Rate (CBR) first, it is observed that the rate varies from 21.8 in Patna to 32.1 in Saharsa. Three best performing districts are Patna (21.8), Lakhisarai (24.0) and Saran (24.5). At the other end, three districts with the highest CBRs are Araria (30.9), Sheohar (31.2) and Saharsa (32.1). The relative position of different districts in terms of Infant Mortality Rate (IMR), often considered as the most sensitive indicator of health status, can also be judged from Table A 5.3 (Appendix). The IMR varies from 39 in Patna to 71 in Madhepura. Three relatively better performing districts are Patna (39), Begusarai (46) and Bhojpur (48). At the other end, three most disadvantaged districts are Khagaria (66), Sitamarhi (67) and Madhepura (71).

 


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