Understanding The Preamble Of The Constitution Of India
Post on 09,April 2012   8:48 AM
By - Mr. S.N Singh
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The Preamble refers to the nature of polity to adopted by the constitution. The polity is described as Sovereign, Socialist, Secular (incorporated in 1976 through the 42nd amendment of the constitution in 1976) Democratic and Republic. A brief discussion on each of these concepts is both necessary and pertinent.

Sovereign: The preamble of the Indian constitution says that India is a sovereign state; it is sovereign in the sense that it independent of any external power, Sovereign signifies independence in its relation to the other nations. There is also an inter aspect of sovereignty which means supremacy of the government over all individuals and institutions within its territory, supreme in so far as it posses the power to make laws as defined by constitution. The concept sovereign in context of the preamble and our polity implies a government which in independent of any external control and also government internally supreme within the provision of the constitution.

Socialist: The 42nd amendment (1976) adds the word socialist along with sovereign declaring the intentions of the constitution to bring about socialism. The concept of socialist in the preamble is related to , as D.D Basu opines , social justice , i.e. ending poverty , ignorance and inequality of opportunity . The ideas used while doing amendment were; "The question of amending the constitution for removing the difficulties which had arisen in achieving the objectives of the socio-economic revolution, which would end poverty and ignorance and disease and inequality of opportunity" Indeed the Indian type of socialism was not that of Marx. It was as per Avadi Session of Congress (1954), the Nehruvian socialist pattern of society, not withstanding Mrs. Indra Gandhi's propagandists "Garibi Hatao " Solagan. The principle aim of socialist is to eliminate inequality in income, improve the status and standard of life. And also includes safeguarding the citizen from any exploitation.

Secularism: The term secular was added along with the term socialist in the 42nd amendment (1976) in the preamble. Explaining the term, the statements of the objects and reason stated "To spell out the high ideas of socialism, secularism and the integrity of the nation". It necessary to give these terms real meaning so as to enable these to "promote public good'. The secular state rising above all deference of religion, attempts to secure the good for all citizens irrespective of their religious beliefs and practices. It neutral and impartial in extending its benefits to the citizen of all castes and creeds, In Indian context mean, the right of citizen to follow any religion, separation of politics and religion, equal respect for all the religion by the state and state's neutrality in respect of religions.


Democratic: The word democratic, though not used in the Objective Revolution, was used in the Preamble to ascertain the people's sovereignty. The term implies- Universal Adult Franchise, Free and Fare Election, Periodic Elections, Accountability, Elections at all level of Governance, Equal Participation of all the Polity.

Republic: The use of the word "Republic" in the Preamble of the Indian Constitution signifies on one the hand, the government in which the people or community as a whole wields power, and on the other, a polity opposed to the rule of any hereditary monarchy. The word "Republic" in the Indian Context means that the head of the state, i.e President of India is not any hereditary one and that any citizen can aspire to be the first citizen of the country.

 


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