Earthquake: Destructive Force Generated From Endogenetic Movements
Post on 14,January 2014   6:00 AM
By - Mr. Om Singh
views 5465

Earthquakes are the result of sudden release of energy which gets accumulated in the rocks with the spam of time. Rocks have certain rupture strength which means that they will contain to bend rather than break so long as the stress imposed on them does not increase the rapture strength. When these rocks under the stressed condition gets back to unstrained sate an energy is released in form of various kinds of waves resulted the shaking of the crust of the earth.

The point of origin of earthquake is called as focus and the point directly above the earth surface is known as epicenter. Generally the maximum destruction caused around the epicenter. 

The waves associated with the earthquake are known as Seismic Waves. The various forms of Waves associated with the Earthquakes are:

Body Waves: These waves travel through the solid body of earth and these are somewhat like sound waves. Body waves travels much faster than sound waves.

Surface Waves: These travels along with the ground surface of the earth.

Types of Body waves

Primary Waves: These are the fastest and first recorded by the seismograph. These waves can moves faster than the sound waves and can pass through solid, liquid and gaseous medium. The material move forward and backward in the direction of propagation of wave. Therefore the material through which P wave travel get expanded and compressed and retain their shape and size after the waves passes.

Secondary Waves: These are slower than that of primary wave and second to be recorded. These are called as shear waves. S wave travel only through solid medium. They make the material to move perpendicular to the direction of propagation of wave thereby producing shear stress in the material they move through. Since liquid and gaseous are not rigid they have no shear stress and hence it cannot be transmitted through it.

Types of Surface Waves

Love waves: These waves are also called as L-Waves. The motion of l waves is similar to s waves, but the individual particles of the material only move Back and Forth in the horizontal plane perpendicular to the direction of wave travel. L waves are most damaging to the building formations.

Rayleigh waves: These are also called as L waves and are faster than that of L waves. R waves behave like water in that they move forwards, while individual particle or material move as a elliptical path within a vertical path oriented in the direction of wave movement.


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